实用英语作文

悬垂成分

悬垂成分

悬垂成分是一个句子中与其他词没有明显的逻辑关系的词或词组。虽然一个悬垂成分可以出现在句中的任何地方，但它最经常出现的是在句首。

悬垂成分有以下4种主要类型：

（1）分词

Looking up at the sky，the sun went under a cloud．

（2）动名词

By installing a birdbath，the birds were given a source of water．

（3）不定式

To ski properly，a course of instruction is necessary．

（4）省略分句

While climbing the hill，the rain began to fall．

在没有悬垂成分的句子中，介绍性的短语通常与句子的主语相关。如果像这些句子那样，主语并不是“looking”，“installing”， “skiing”，“climbing”的主体，那么这个短语就是悬垂的。为了消除这类错误，可以放进正确的主语，上面4个句子就分别成为：

（1）Looking up at the sky，he saw the sun go under a cloud．

他抬头看看天空，太阳钻进了一朵云。

（2）By installing a birdbath，we gave the birds a source of water．

我们安装了一个鸟池，给鸟群提供了水源。

（3）To ski properly a beginner should take a course of instruction．

为了很好地滑雪，初学者须进修一项训练课程。

（4）While climbing the hill，she felt the rain beginning to fall．

登山的时候，雨就开始下了。

悬垂分词：不管是独立的还是作为短语的一部分，如果句子的主语不是该分词所限定的词，那么该分词就是悬垂的。

悬垂分词                     Reading，the doorbell rang．（Is the doorbell

                                   reading？）

改正之后                     Reading，I heard the doorbell ring

                                   读书的时候，我听到门铃响。

悬垂分词短语              Captured during the robbery，the police questioned

                                   the suspect for hours．（Were the police

                                   captured？）

改正之后                     Captured during the robbery，the suspect was

                                   questioned for hours by the police．

                                   在抢劫中被抓获，那个嫌疑犯被警察审讯了几个

                                   小时。

悬垂动名词：如果一个动名词用在一个短语中修饰主要动词并出现下面的情况，这个动名词就是悬垂的。（1）动作的行为主体不是句子的主语；（2）这个行为主体没有被修饰动名词的所有格代词所指明。

动名词悬垂                  From attending class，the principles of chemistry

                                   were made clear．

用句子主语改正           From attending class，we came to understand the

                                   principles of chemistry．

用所有格修                  From our attending class，the principles of

饰语改正                     chemistry were made clear．

                                   因为听了课，我们渐渐地懂得了化学原理。

悬垂不定式：当一个不定式作为句子的主语出现在句首时（比如：To win is our goal．赢得胜利是我们的目标。），并不存在悬垂的问题。但是，当一个不定式短语出现在句首，涉及一个不适当的主语时，这个不定式是悬垂的。

悬垂不定式                          To apply，an application form must be filled

                                           out．

改正之后                             To apply，you must fill out an application

                                           form．

                                           为了申请，你必须填好一份申请表。

悬垂不定式短语                   To learn French cooking，a lot of practice is

                                           necessary．

改正之后                             To learn French cooking，a student needs a

                                           lot of practice．

                                           要学习法国烹调，一个学生需要大量的实

                                           践。

悬垂省略句：如果作者不能肯定一个省略句所涉及的词就是主句的主语，那么该省略句就是悬垂的。

悬垂省略句                      While running down the stairs，the clock struck

                                       twelve．

改正之后                         While running down the stairs，I heard the clock

                                       strike twelve．

                                       在跑下楼梯的时候，我听到了时钟敲12点。

悬垂省略句                      Though tired from running，our gym period ended

                                       with calisthenics．

改正之后                         Though tired from running，we ended our gym

                                       period with calisthenics．

                                       尽管跑步累了，我们还是以艺术体操来结束体

                                       育训练课。